Some animals will defend their territory by fighting with those who try to invade it.Fighting，however，is not often the best choice，since it uses up a large amount of energy，and can result in injury or even death.Most animals rely on various threats，either through sounds or smells.The songs of birds，the drumming of woodpeckers and the loud calls of monkeys are all warnings that carry for long distances，advertising to possible invaders that someone else’s territory is being approached.Many animals rely on smells to mark their territories or leaving droppings around the territories.Other animals will be warned off the territory without ever meeting with the territory’s defender.
　　Sometimes，these warnings may be ignored，and an invader may move accidentally into a neighboring territory，or two animals may meet near the border of their nearby territories.When the two animals meet，they will generally threaten each other with visual(视觉的)displays.These displays will often exaggerate an animal’s size by putting up feathers or fur，or will show off the animal’s weapons.The animals may go through all the behavior of fighting without ever actually touching each other.The displays are generally performed best near the center of an animal’s territory，where it is more likely to attack an invader and where retreating becomes more of a choice.
　　Actual fighting usually only happens in overcrowded conditions，when resources are not enough.Serious injury can result，and old or sick animals may die，leading to a more balanced population size.Under most natural conditions，territoriality is an effective way of maintaining a healthy population.The study of social behaviors such as territoriality in animals may also help us to understand human society.
　　1、What does the underlined word“exaggerate”in the second paragraph mean?
　　A.enlarge
　　B.change
　　C.shake
　　D.shrink
　　参考答案：A
　　参考解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，当某种动物发现有其他的动物侵入自己的领地时，会通过视觉上的展示来恐吓对方。它们会竖起羽毛或皮毛，以使自己看起来更大、更强壮。因此exaggerate应为“扩大，增大”之意。
　　2、What topic is the passage mainly involved in?
　　A.What animals’territory is usually like.
　　B.How animals deal with different threats.
　　C.How animals defend their territory.
　　D.Where animal fights take place frequently.
　　参考答案：C
　　参考解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要就“动物如何保护自己的领地”进行了介绍。
　　3、For most animals，what’s their first response to the possible invaders to defend their territory?
　　A.Fighting in groups.
　　B.Threatening and warning.
　　C.Escaping before being hurt.
　　D.Asking partners for help.
　　参考答案：B
　　参考解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Most animals rely on various threats，either through sounds or smells.”可知，答案选B。
　　4、The last paragraph tells us that territoriality has an influence on the________of the animals.
　　A.communication
　　B.condition
　　C.population
　　D.migration
　　参考答案：C
　　参考解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Under most natural conditions，territoriality is an effective way of maintaining a healthy population.”可知，答案选C。
　　5、An actual fight will happen when________.
　　A.animals meet near the border of their territories
　　B.the invader enters the defender’s territories
　　C.the defender notices the invader smaller than itself
　　D.the living resources are limited in the territory
　　参考答案：D
　　参考解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Actual fighting usually only happens in overcrowded conditions，when resources are not enough.”可知，当过度拥挤导致生存资源匮乏时，就有可能发生打斗。
　　参考译文：
　　有些动物会通过与那些试图入侵它们的人战斗来保卫自己的领地。然而，战斗往往不是最好的选择，因为它消耗了大量的能量，并可能导致伤害甚至死亡。大多数动物依靠各种威胁，无论是声音还是气味。鸟的歌声，啄木鸟的鸣叫和L。猴子的乌德叫声都是长距离携带的警告，向可能的入侵者宣传有人正在接近其他人的领地。许多动物依靠气味来标记自己的领地或在领地周围留下粪便。其他动物将被警告离开领地，而不会遇到领地的防御工事。德。
　　有时，这些警告可能会被忽略，入侵者可能会意外地进入邻近的领土，或者两个动物可能会在其附近领土的边界附近相遇。当这两个动物相遇时，它们通常会用视觉（视觉）显示来威胁对方。这些显示通常会通过将P羽毛或毛皮，或会炫耀动物的武器。动物可能会经历所有的战斗行为，而不会真正接触对方。展示通常在动物领地的中心附近进行，在那里它更可能攻击入侵者，在那里撤退成为一种选择。
　　实际战斗通常只发生在人口过多的情况下，而资源不足的情况下。会造成严重的伤害，年老或生病的动物可能会死亡，从而使人口规模更加平衡。在大多数自然条件下，领土是维持健康人口的一种有效方式。研究诸如领土之类的社会行为动物的交配也可以帮助我们了解人类社会。