Archaeology,like many academic words,comes from Greek and means,more or less,“the study of old things”.So,it is really a part of the study of history.However,most historians use paper evidence,such as letters,paintings and photographs,but archaeologists learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago.Normally,these are the hard materials that don't break down or disappear very quickly—things like human bones and objects made from stone and metal.
　　It is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of history—normally,the bacteria in the air eat away at soft materials,like bodies,clothes and things made of wood.Occasionally,things are different.
　　In 1984,two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss,in the north of England.A bog is a very wet area of earth,with a lot of plants growing in it.It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soup—walk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever.The men were working when one of them saw something sticking out—a human foot!Naturally,the men called the police,who then found the rest of the body.Was it a case of murder?Possibly—but it was a death nearly two thousand years old.The two men had found a body from the time of the Roman invasion of Britain.Despite being so old,this body had skin,muscles,hair and internal organs—the scientists who examined him were able to look inside the man's stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal!
　　Why was this man so well preserved?It was because he was in a very watery environment,safe from the bacteria that need oxygen to live.Also,the water in the bog was very acidic.The acid preserved the man's skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes.
　　How did he die?Understandably,archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know more about the person that they called“Lindow Man”.His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadn't done heavy manual work in his life—he could have been a rich man.They found that he hadn't died by accident.The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods.
　　1、Which of the following helped to preserve“Lindow Man”?A.Ice and low temperature
　　B.Acid and water
　　C.Soil and energy
　　D.Bacteria and oxygen
　　参考答案：B
　　参考解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知，起到保护作用的一是“watery environment”，二是“acid”。故答案选B。
　　2、The underlined word“these”in the first paragraph refers to ___.
　　A.letters
　　B.photographs
　　C.paintingsD.objects
　　参考答案：D
　　参考解析：指代判断题。根据上文“but archaeologists learn from the objects left behind”可知，此处的these指代的是the objects。故答案选D。
　　3、Which is the best title for the passage?A.An Amazing Archaeological Discovery
　　B.Archaeology and History
　　C.What Is Archaeology?
　　D.The Death of“Lindow Man”
　　参考答案：A
　　参考解析：标题概括题。本文主要介绍了“Lindow Man”被发现研究的过程。故答案选A。
　　4、According to the passage,which of the following statements is right?A.“Lindow Man”was named after the person who first found him.
　　B.Historians usually use paper evidence,while archaeologists use hard evidence.
　　C.“Lindow Man”was found by two archaeologists in the south of England.
　　D.“Lindow Man”was good at work by hand.
　　参考答案：B
　　参考解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“However,most historians use paper evidence,such as letters,paintings and photographs,but archaeologists learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago.”可知B项正确。根据第三段第一句中的“a bog called Lindow Moss,in the north of England”可知A、C两项错误;根据最后一段第三句中的“...suggested that he hadn't done heavy manual work in his life”可知D项错误。故答案选B。
　　参考译文：
　　考古学，像许多学术词汇一样，来自希腊语，或多或少意味着“对旧事物的研究”。所以，它实际上是历史研究的一部分。然而，大多数历史学家使用书面证据，如信件、绘画和照片，但是考古学家从很久以前人类遗留下来的物品中学习。通常，这些是坚硬的材料，不会很快分解或消失，比如人类的骨头和由石头和金属制成的物体。
　　通常情况下，除了历史的确凿证据外，空气中的细菌还会侵蚀柔软的物质，如身体、衣服和木头制品，这是非常罕见的。偶尔，情况会有所不同。
　　1984年，两个人在英格兰北部一个叫林道莫斯的沼泽地工作时，有了一个惊人的发现。沼泽地是一个非常潮湿的地区，里面生长着许多植物。它可能像一个非常大和非常厚的蔬菜汤走在错误的地方，你可以下沉和消失永远。当他们中的一个人看到有东西伸出来时，他们正在工作——一只人的脚！很自然，这些人打电话报警，然后警察发现了尸体的其余部分。是谋杀案吗？可能吧，但那是一场两千年前的死亡。这两个人从罗马入侵英国时就发现了一具尸体。尽管年纪这么大，这个身体还是有皮肤、肌肉、头发和内脏，检查他的科学家们能够检查他的胃部，找到他最后一顿饭吃的食物！
　　为什么这个人保存得这么好？这是因为他处在一个非常潮湿的环境中，远离需要氧气生存的细菌。此外，沼泽中的水是非常酸性的。这种酸能保护人的皮肤，就像保护动物皮做皮衣和鞋子一样。
　　他怎么死的？可以理解的是，考古学家和其他科学家想更多地了解他们称之为“林道人”的人。他的手和指甲表明他一生中没有做过繁重的体力劳动，他本可以成为一个富人的。他们发现他没有意外死亡。考古学家认为他是为三个不同的神献祭的。