oceans Claim our Attention
　　We've already pushed the world oceans close to-and in some cases,past-their natural limits,according to a recently released report on the state of our oceans by the World Watch Institute.
　　The increasing number of citizen groups,business and governments taking an active interest in slowing down the destruction and pollution of the ocean is encouraging,says senior researcher and author Anne platt Mcginn,citing a host of efforts already under way:1.Unilever,which controls 20 percent of the whitefish market in Europe and US,has agreed to buy only fish caught and produced in an environmentally sustainable manner.2.Volunteers in the philippines,Thailand,India,and Ecuador are replanting mangrove areas to repair earlier damage from shrimp farming.3.In northern Sulawesia,citizens have cleared coral reefs of harmful invasive species.4.The United States and Canada have each banned oil drilling on large portions of their continental shelves.
　　0n the downside,Safeguarding the Health of oceans says that seven out of ten commercial fish species are fully or overexploited and even worse,many of their spawning grounds have been cleared to make room for shrimp ponds,golf courses and beach resorts.Habitat degradation,resulting from development,agricultural run off,sewage pollution and destructive fishing practices has led to a tripling in the number of poisonous algal species identified by scientists,increasing fish kills,beach closures,and economic losses.
　　The impact on the economy is significant.people obtain an average of 16 percent of their animal protein from fish,and people in developing countries are extremely dependent on reef fisheries for both food and income.Tourism accounts for a large piece of coastlines and medicines are being found in reef ecosystems every day.Even toothpaste and ice cream depend on the gel-forming properties of brown algae.
　　The problems facing the oceans are legion:the marine conversation community is fragmented,bans on destructive activities are routinely ignored,too many regulatory organizations have a development-first mindset and enforcement and oversight are ineffective,if not altogether lacking.oceans need to be protected locally,nationally,and internationally,according to McGinn.Right now,the United Nations General Assembly spends just one day a year covering issues that affect more than half of the planet.The report suggests that a tax of one tenth of one percent on industrial and recreational ocean activities would generate$500 million a year,more than five times and the annual budgets the International Maritime organization and the Fisheries Department of the UN Food and Agriculture organization.
　　However,the most productive areas of the ocean are under national jurisdiction and 80 percent of oceanic pollution originates on land.This means that addressing global marine issues requires strong national and local policies.problems remain far from resolved.
　　1、We can infer form the passage that.
　　A.problems at the international level continue to be difficult to resolve.
　　B.all countries are going to impose taxes on fishers and tourists.
　　C.the UN General Assembly has made strong policies with regard to oceanic protection.
　　D.the problems facing the oceans have already aroused sufficient attention.
　　参考答案：A
　　参考解析：这篇文章实际上要通过一系列海洋破坏引起的后果给人们敲响环境保护的警钟。文章在谈到环境保护的问题时称：这一问题还有待解决。由于海洋的多数富饶区都处在各个国家的管辖内，并且80%的海洋污染来源于陆地，所以我们可以由此推断：国际级的环境问题仍然很难解决。B在捕鱼和观光中征税还是一个建议，文章没有告诉我们是否有国家会采纳这一建议。C联合国某机构一年只花一天时间讨论这一问题，可见他们对海洋保护不够重视，文章也没有告诉我们联合国是否已经采取了有力的措施来保护海洋。D从文章展示给我们的世界各国的海洋保护的现状来看，海洋问题并没有引起人们足够的重视。
　　2、The word sustainable in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____.
　　A.maintainable
　　B.reasonable
　　C.understandable
　　D.respectable
　　参考答案：A
　　参考解析：第二段有这样一段话：——buy only fish caught and produced in an environmentally sustainable manner.即只购买那些环境上sustainable的地区捕获和生产的鱼类。据此可以推断，此处的sustainable指可持续发展的。与之相近的词是maintainable
　　3、What will happen if an organization takes a development-first attitude in environmental context?
　　A.It will take strong measures to prevent oceans from being further polluted.
　　B.It is going to exploit the oceanic resources first regardless of environmental protection.
　　C.It will not ignore bans on destructive activities.
　　D.It will not place development above other factors.
　　参考答案：B
　　参考解析：文章的第五段指出：那些对环境问题持有发展优先态度的组织忽略了禁止破坏性捕捞这一规定。由此可以推断，他们将无视环境保护问题，把海洋资源的开发放在第一位。
　　4、Which of the following statements is not the result of destructive fishing practices?
　　A.Seventy-percent commercial fish species are over exploited.
　　B.Many of fishes'spawning grounds have been destroyed.
　　C.Economic losses are on the increase.
　　D.Each country has already taken measures to destructive activities.
　　参考答案：D
　　参考解析：从第三段我们可以看出：70%的商业鱼种被过分捕捞；许多鱼类的产卵地被清理掉，以给虾池滕出地方；破坏性捕捞还使经济损失进一步增加。所以，A，B，C都是破坏性捕捞行为的结果。通过全文，我们可以看到，只有一些国家采取了措施禁止破坏性捕捞，并不是每个国家都采取了措施。
　　5、What's the probable relationship between mangrove growing and shrimp farming in the philippines?
　　A.The growth of mangroves kept shrimps from reproducing.
　　B.Large areas of mangroves were damaged because of shrimp farming.
　　C.Mangroves helped shrimps grow fast.
　　D.Shrimp farming gave rise to rapid growth of mangroves.
　　参考答案：B
　　参考解析：第二段告诉我们菲律宾的红树生长与虾养殖的关系。文中说：志愿者重新种植红树，以修复早期虾养殖引起的破坏。可见，虾养殖破坏了红树的生长。
　　参考译文：
　　海洋引起我们的注意
　　根据世界观察研究所最近发布的一份关于我们海洋状况的报告，我们已经将世界海洋推到了接近甚至超过了它们的自然极限。
　　高级研究员兼作家安妮·普拉特·麦金恩（Anne Platt McGin）援引一系列已经在进行中的努力称，越来越多的公民团体、企业和政府积极关注减缓海洋的破坏和污染，这是令人鼓舞的：1.联合利华控制着欧洲和美国20%的白鱼市场，同意只购买以环境可持续的方式捕捞和生产的鱼。2。菲律宾、泰国、印度和厄瓜多尔的志愿者正在重新种植红树林，以修复早先因养虾造成的损害。三。在苏拉威西亚北部，居民已经清除了珊瑚礁中有害的入侵物种。4。美国和加拿大都禁止在其大陆架的大部分地区开采石油。
　　不利的一面是，保护海洋健康说，10种商业鱼类中有7种完全或过度开发，甚至更糟的是，它们的许多产卵场已被清理干净，为虾池、高尔夫球场和海滩度假村腾出空间。由于开发、农业径流、污水污染和破坏性捕鱼行为导致的栖息地退化，导致科学家发现的有毒藻类数量增加了两倍，导致鱼类死亡、海滩关闭和经济损失增加。
　　对经济的影响是巨大的。人们平均从鱼中获得16%的动物蛋白，而发展中国家的人们对珊瑚礁渔业的食物和收入极度依赖。旅游业占据了海岸线的很大一部分，而且每天都在珊瑚礁生态系统中发现药物。甚至牙膏和冰淇淋也依赖于褐藻的凝胶形成特性。
　　海洋面临的问题很多：海洋对话团体四分五裂，对破坏性活动的禁令经常被忽视，太多的监管机构都有发展优先的心态，如果不是完全缺乏的话，执行和监督是无效的。麦金恩说，海洋需要在当地、国家和国际上得到保护。现在，联合国大会每年只花一天的时间处理影响地球一半以上的问题。报告建议，对工业和娱乐性海洋活动征收十分之一的税，每年将产生5亿美元，是5倍多，国际海事组织和联合国粮食及农业组织渔业部的年度预算。
　　然而，海洋的生产区是由国家管辖的，80%的海洋污染源于陆地。这意味着解决全球海洋问题需要强有力的国家和地方政策。问题还远未解决。